b Pharmacy all semester Notes

Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry 2 | Unit 1

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 Unit 1  Benzene and its derivatives Analytical, synthetic and other evidences in the derivation of structure of benzene, Orbital picture, resonance in benzene, aromatic characters, Huckel’s rule Reactions of benzene – nitration, sulphonation, halogenationreactivity, Friedelcrafts alkylation- reactivity, limitations, Friedelcrafts acylation. Substituents, effect of substituents on reactivity and orientation of mono substituted benzene compounds towards electrophilic … Read more

Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry 2 | Unit 2

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 Unit 2  Phenol* – Acidity of phenols, effect of substituents on acidity, qualitative tests, Structure and uses of phenol, cresols, resorcinol, naphthols Aromatic Amines* – Basicity of amines, effect of substituents on basicity, and synthetic uses of aryl diazonium salts Aromatic Acids* – Acidity, effect of substituents on acidity and important reactions of benzoic acid. DOWNLOAD

Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry 2 | Unit 3

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 Unit 3  Fats and Oil Fatty acids – reactions. Hydrolysis, Hydrogenation, Saponification and Rancidity of oils, Drying oils. Analytical constants – Acid value, Saponification value, Ester value, Iodine value, Acetyl value, Reichert Meissl (RM) value – significance and principle involved in their determination. DOWNLOAD

Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry 2 | Unit 4

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 Unit 4  Polynuclear hydrocarbons: Synthesis, reactions Structure and medicinal uses of Naphthalene, Phenanthrene, Anthracene, Diphenylmethane, Triphenylmethane and their derivatives DOWNLOAD

Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry 2 | Unit 5

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 Unit 5  Cyclo alkanes* Stabilities – Baeyer’s strain theory, limitation of Baeyer’s strain theory, Coulson and Moffitt’s modification, Sachse Mohr’s theory (Theory of strainless rings), reactions of cyclopropane and cyclobutane only DOWNLOAD

Physical Pharmaceutics 1 | Unit 1

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 Unit 1  Solubility of drugs: Solubility expressions, mechanisms of solute solvent interactions, ideal solubility parameters, solvation & association, quantitative approach to the factors influencing solubility of drugs, diffusion principles in biological systems. Solubility of gas in liquids, solubility of liquids in liquids, (Binary solutions, ideal solutions) Raoult’s law, real solutions. Partiallymiscible liquids, Critical solution temperature … Read more

Physical Pharmaceutics 1 | Unit 2

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   Unit 2  States of Matter and properties of matter: State of matter, changes in the state of matter, latent heats, vapour pressure, sublimation critical point, eutectic mixtures, gases, aerosols – inhalers, relative humidity, liquid complexes, liquid crystals, glassy states, solidcrystalline, amorphous & polymorphism. Physicochemical properties of drug molecules: Refractive index, optical rotation, dielectric constant, … Read more

Physical Pharmaceutics 1 | Unit 3

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 Unit 3  Surface and interfacial phenomenon: Liquid interface, surface & interfacial tensions, surface free energy, measurement of surface & interfacial tensions, spreading coefficient, adsorption at liquid interfaces, surface active agents, HLB Scale, solubilisation, detergency, adsorption at solid interface. DOWNLOAD

Physical Pharmaceutics 1 | Unit 4

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 Unit 4 Complexation and protein binding: Introduction, Classification of Complexation, Applications, methods of analysis, protein binding, Complexation and drug action, crystalline structures of complexes and thermodynamic treatment of stability constants. DOWNLOAD

Physical Pharmaceutics 1 | Unit 5

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 Unit 5  pH, buffers and Isotonic solutions Sorensen’s pH scale, pH determination (electrometric and calorimetric), applications of buffers, buffer equation, buffer capacity, buffers in pharmaceutical and biological systems, buffered isotonic solutions. DOWNLOAD